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- Health Information for a Better Life
Animals and West Nile
Horses are very susceptible to WN virus. There have been thousands
of confirmed cases of infected horses across the United States.
There have also been confirmed and/or probable cases of infected
horses in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
In the U.S., there have also been small numbers of confirmed cases
in cats, dogs, domestic rabbits and in certain types of squirrels,
chipmunks, skunks and bats.
How do animals become infected with WN virus?
The source of infection for animals is the same as the source for
most people who become infected - the bite of an infected mosquito.
When there are reports of infected dead birds, or other animals in
the area, it means there are likely infected mosquitoes too, and
people should take action to reduce the risk of exposure to
mosquitoes.
What signs do infected animals have?
Some may have no signs at all. Others may have a range of signs
including fever, muscle spasms, weakness, lack of coordination,
seizures and changes in temperament or personality.
For horses, signs of WN virus infection may include stumbling,
weakness in hind limbs, inability to stand, paralysis of the limbs,
listlessness and head shaking. In severe cases, horses may die or
need to be euthanized.
Can people become infected by touching or being around animals
infected with WN virus?
There have been no recorded cases of animals passing West Nile virus
infection to other animals or to people. However, people who handle
dead birds or animals should still follow standard health and safety
practices. For example, cover any open wounds, and wear protective
gloves and a mask.
These health and safety practices are also important for people who
work with animals at risk for WN virus infection, such as horses and
flocks of domestic birds. Health Canada has issued an Occupational
Health Advisory for people whose jobs may put them at risk for WN
virus infection.
Is there a treatment for animals infected with WN virus?
There is no specific treatment, but supportive therapies may reduce
the severity and duration of clinical signs. People who suspect that
horses, other animals or pets have become infected with WN virus
should contact a veterinarian for information and advice.
Are there vaccines to protect animals from WN virus?
In 2002, a vaccine for horses was given a provisional licence in
Canada and was available from veterinarians. For the most recent
information about West Nile virus and horses, visit the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency Web site.
There is no vaccine at this time for other animals or pets.
Can people get WN virus from eating birds or animals that are
infected with WN virus?
There is no evidence that people can get WN virus from eating
infected birds or animals, however, it is important to follow
standard health and safety practices when preparing food, to prevent
the risk of foodborne illnesses. Meat from birds and animals should
always be thoroughly cooked before it is eaten.
